[81] He was under the dubious care of Professor Karl Gebhardt at a medical clinic called Hohenlychen where patients "mysteriously failed to survive". Before that, Speer worked as the chief architect in Hitler's Nazi . [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. Reporters and photographers crowded both the street outside Spandau and the lobby of the Hotel Berlin where Speer spent the night. [168] Speer also falsely claimed that he had realised the war was lost at an early stage, and thereafter worked to preserve the resources needed for the civilian population's survival. In his writings, Speer claimed to have finished five thousand books while in prison. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". [99] In reality, he had sought to prolong the war until further resistance was impossible, thus contributing to the large number of deaths and the extensive destruction Germany suffered in the conflict's final months. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. During his life, he worked on redesigning city centers of . At the end of July 1942, a lack of fuel brought Paulus to a halt at Kalach. Yet each showed comparable increases in production despite not being under Speer's control. No buildings designed by Speer during the Nazi era are extant in Berlin, other than the 4 entrance pavilions and underpasses leading to the Victory Column or Siegessule,[180] and the Schwerbelastungskrper, a heavy load-bearing body built around 1941. He added a stone exterior that pleased Hitler. [141] He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children, even with his son Albert who had also become an architect. In consequence, despite tank production having the highest priority, relatively little of the armaments budget was spent on it. Finally, Speer states, "Because I failed at the time, I still feel, to this day, responsible for Auschwitz in a wholly personal sense. [85] The growth, however, consisted in large part of models that were becoming obsolescent and proved easy prey for Allied aircraft. [68] Hitler was closely involved with the design of the tanks, but kept changing his mind about the specifications. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. [113] Speer was indicted on four counts: participating in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of crime against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace; war crimes; and crimes against humanity. This article is about the book. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". [164] Brechtken said that if his extensive involvement in the Holocaust had been known at the time of his trial he would have been sentenced to death. From 1946 to 1966, while serving the sentence in Spandau Prison, he penned more than 2,000 manuscript pages of personal memoirs. I recommend this book without reservations. The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/ p r /; German: [pe] (); 19 March 1905 - 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II.A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison.. An architect by training, Speer joined the . [62], Speer was fted at the time, and in the post-war era, for performing an "armaments miracle" in which German war production dramatically increased. [51] Speer used forced Jewish labor on these projects, in addition to regular German workers. Born 1906 [location unknown] Ancestors. His brothers names were Charles, Albert, Louis (Ludwig), and [111] Speer provided information to the Allies, regarding the effects of the air war, and on a broad range of subjects, beginning on 10 May. While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. [99] During January and February, Speer claimed that his ministry would deliver "decisive weapons" and a large increase in armaments production which would "bring about a dramatic change on the battlefield". Speer's own staff described the conditions there as "hell". Albert Speer ( 19. bezna 1905 Mannheim - 1. z 1981 Londn ), celm jmnem Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, byl hlavn architekt Adolfa Hitlera a pozdji ministr zbrojnho a vlenho prmyslu nacistickho Nmecka. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. He lost yet more authority. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post "[16] The historian Magnus Brechtken, discussing Speer, said he did not give anti-Jewish public speeches and that his anti-Semitism can best be understood through his actionswhich were anti-Semitic. [177] The rational position to adopt was to seek a political solution that would end the war without defeat. [95], Losses of territory and a dramatic expansion of the Allied strategic bombing campaign caused the collapse of the German economy from late 1944. Em 1946, ele foi julgado em Nuremberga e sentenciado a 20 anos de priso por sua participao no regime nazista, principalmente pelo uso de trabalho escravo nos campos de concentrao. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. There was no communication. He was the second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. [19] This work won Speer his first national post, as Nazi Party "Commissioner for the Artistic and Technical Presentation of Party Rallies and Demonstrations". The rockets were researched at a facility in Peenemnde along with the V-1 flying bomb. [127], Much of Speer's energy was dedicated to keeping fit, both physically and mentally, during his long confinement. never got along so good before or after. Die Zelle. [1]:55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Starting in April 1942, Speer became aware of the potential of German nuclear research in developing, in his words, "a weapon which could annihilate whole cities." [5] Wolters and longtime Speer secretary Annemarie Kempf, while not permitted direct communication with Speer in Spandau, did what they could to help his family and carry out the requests Speer put in letters to his wifethe only written communication he was officially allowed. His father, who died in 1947, despised the Nazis and was silent upon meeting Hitler. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. [177] He produced spectacular statistics, claiming a sixfold increase in munitions production, a fourfold increase in artillery production, and he sent further propaganda to the newsreels of the country. [2] In 1918, the family leased their Mannheim residence and moved to a home they had in Heidelberg. He studied under Bestelmeyer, Billing, and Tessenow, and rose to prominence on the death of Troost, becoming Adolf Hitler's (1889-1945) friend, confidant, and architect from 1934.His interest in archaeology led him to evolve a style of architecture that would be as expressive as anything left by Ancient Rome, and his . Albert Speer, (born March 19, 1905, Mannheim, Baden, Germanydied September 1, 1981, London, England), German architect who was Adolf Hitler's chief architect (1933-45) and minister for armaments and war production (1942-45). All of the Germanic peoples will be included in it. From 1939 on, Speer's Department used the Nuremberg Laws to evict Jewish tenants of non-Jewish landlords in Berlin, to make way for non-Jewish tenants displaced by redevelopment or bombing. he is one of Germany's top architects. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. Inside the Third Reich: Directed by Marvin J. Chomsky. By the autumn of 1942 however, the estimated period for developing a weapon had increased to three to four years, much too long to affect the war. The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/pr/; German: [pe] (listen); 19 March 1905 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. This was probably the start of the downfall of the Reich. Mr. Speer had been taken to the . Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. In 1918, moved to Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, Heidelberg, Germany. Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. Startseite; Cytologie. They're private residences. [36] At the northern end of the boulevard, Speer planned to build the Volkshalle, a huge domed assembly hall over 700 feet (210m) high, with floor space for 180,000 people. On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. BERLIN When Hilde Schramm inherited several paintings collected by her father, Hitler's chief architect and Armaments Minister Albert Speer, she was only sure of one thing: she did not want. shelved 32,158 times. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 07:49, Post After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. [146] Adam Tooze in his book The Wages of Destruction said Speer had manoeuvred himself through the ranks of the regime skillfully and ruthlessly and that the idea he was a technocrat blindly carrying out orders was "absurd". Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. (Black and white photographs from Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, published by Picador) To date, the foundation has given more than 500,000 in grants to more than 100 Jewish women for projects. Hitler became interested in Speer through his own interest in the arts. [139] Although he stated he hoped to resume an architectural career, his sole project, a collaboration for a brewery, was unsuccessful. Oil production became so low that any possibility of offensive action became impossible and weaponry lay idle. Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. [66], As Minister of Armaments, Speer was responsible for supplying weapons to the army. On 23 May, two weeks after the surrender of German forces, British troops arrested the members of the Flensburg Government and brought Nazi Germany to a formal end. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. [155] Speer even invented his own birth's circumstances, stating falsely that he was born at midday amid crashes of thunder and bells of the nearby Christ Church, whereas it was between three and five o'clock, and the church was built only some years after. The large capital investment was not repaid in military effectiveness. [91], The largest technological advance under Speer's command came through the rocket program. [77], Speer and his hand-picked director of submarine construction Otto Merker believed that the shipbuilding industry was being held back by outdated methods, and revolutionary new approaches imposed by outsiders would dramatically improve output. Study now. This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. It began in 1932 but had not supplied any weaponry. 4.10 avg rating 13,205 ratings published 1969 86 editions. I knew that these must be Berlin Jews who were being evacuated. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". [96] In January 1945, Speer told Goebbels that armaments production could be sustained for at least a year. Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. [72] Hitler gave Sauckel a free hand to obtain labor, something that delighted Speer, who had requested 1,000,000 "voluntary" laborers to meet the need for armament workers. "[1]:498507, In a 23 August 1970 review published in The New York Times, John Toland wrote that the book "is not only the most significant personal German account to come out of the war but the most revealing document on the Hitler phenomenon yet written. The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. [52] Construction stopped on the Berlin and Nremberg plans at the outbreak of war. [125] He had completed his memoirs by November 1953, which became the basis of Inside the Third Reich. FC Bayern Munich opens a new sports complex with a youth academy planned by AS+P. [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. They paid for Toni Proost to go on holiday, and for bribes to those who might be able to secure Speer's release. He spent the rest of his life attempting to enhance this image and erase any doubt that he did not participate or know about the Nazi atrocities. "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. Feigned repentance at Nuremberg, saving his own neck. His sister's name was Carrie. Hitler appointed Speer as head of the Chief Office for Construction, which placed him nominally on Hess's staff. Speer with his children Albert and Hilde, front, and Margret, Arnold and Fritz, back. [21] As Chancellor, Hitler had a residence in the building and came by every day to be briefed by Speer and the building supervisor on the progress of the renovations. Albert Speer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland", Francisco Boix identifies Speer at Nuremberg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Speer&oldid=1139875005, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56. Most days he was invited to dinner. A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. Ultimately, when their emergence involved the ruin of all his work, Speer accepted the consequences and acted. [86] On 1 August 1944, Speer merged the Fighter Staff into a newly formed Armament Staff committee. [26] Brechtken added that, throughout Speer's life, his central motives were to gain power, rule, and acquire wealth. the eldest went to visit his brother while in spandau prison and Albert Speer was a young architect initially seduced by the speeches and rhetoric of Hitler. Albert Speer Jr., one of the most important German architects and urban planners, died unexpectedly on September 15, 2017 in Frankfurt. While he sought to frustrate directives to destroy industrial facilities in areas at risk of capture, so that they could be used after the war, he still supported the war's continuation. Importantly, he provided an alibi to older Germans who had been Nazis. [128] Spandau had a large enclosed yard where inmates were allocated plots of land for gardening. See answer (1) Copy. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. He was 76 years old. But the children-my two brothers and I-had to use the back stairs. [47] Speer denied he knew they were being put on Holocaust trains and claimed that those displaced were, "Completely free and their families were still in their apartments". After joining the Nazi Party in 1930, Speer became Adolf Hitler's personal architect. Albert Einstein lived in the USA, so was not where the holocaust [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. Speer, Jr., an eighty-two-year-old with a perennially serious expression and a fondness for energetic hand motions, is one of Germany's best-known urban planners. Speer, Albert (1905-81). He has risen to the top of the . He lost Hitler's unconditional support and began to lose power. He coveted control of the production of armaments for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine as well. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 16:15, Post There were so many corpses at the Dora underground factory, for example, that the crematorium was overwhelmed. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi . Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen [5], Following his release from Spandau, Speer donated the Chronicle, his personal diary, to the German Federal Archives. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. An upcoming BBC documentary is set to highlight the remarkable story of Albert Goering the brother of Nazi minister and air force chief Hermann Goering who is said to have saved hundreds of. The manuscript led to two books: first Erinnerungen ("Recollections") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1969), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1970 as Inside the Third Reich; then as Spandauer Tagebcher ("Spandau Diaries") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1975), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1976 as Spandau: The Secret Diaries. 46.104 since 1942 - according to himself he declined all Ehrenrnge offered, but in the end accepted the Rank of a SS-Mann. [15], In January 1931, Speer applied for Nazi Party membership, and on 1 March 1931, he became member number 474,481. Speer was able to have his writings sent to Wolters, however, and they eventually amounted to 20,000 pages. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . 1. September 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo during an address to the students. 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